basic electronics.....

Basic Electronics
share ko po ng konti kaalaman ko marami nagtatanong ang resistor saan ba gamit ito?? ok sagutin ko base sa kaalaman ko correct me if im wrong @ topman i need your help about this topic

RESISTOR it is a device capable of oppossing DC current when we say oppose it means pigilan o pabagalin each resistor has its resistance and its tolerance usually meron yan color coding d2 nyo po malalaman ang value ng isang resistor

Black 0
Brown 1
Red 2
Orange 3
Yellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
Gray 8
White 9
Gold .5
Silver .05

so eto po ang mga code paki correct po kung tama medyo matagal ko nang d nabalikan yan now sa pag basa ng code

ex. brown black orange???

so tingin sa code
brown is 1 black is 0 orange is 3
so 103 ang nabasa natin but ung last coding is the decimals na idadagdag nyo un orange is 3 so tatlong zero ang idadagdag nyo that will be
10,000kilo ohm or 10k
reminder 1,000 ohm is equal to 1 kilo ohm
so thats it for now dadagdagan ko nlng ang lesson nating next lesson is DIODE

DIODE

In electronics, a diode is a component that restricts the direction of movement of charge carriers. Essentially, it allows an electric current to flow in one direction, but blocks it in the opposite direction. Thus, the diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve. Circuits that require current flow in only one direction will typically include one or more diodes in the circuit design.

so yan po basic use po nito ay as a rectifier it convert AC current into DC current remember that AC is alternating current it means po papalit palit ito ng lugar o polarity dyan po magagamit ang diode dahil only one alternation shall be allowed by its bias

kinds of bias
FORWARD BIAS the electrons[negative] is in the cathode
REVERSE BIAS the electrons is in the anode

KINDS OF DIODE

Normal (p-n) diodes
which operate as described above. Usually made of doped silicon or, more rarely, germanium. Before the development of modern silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop (typically 1.4–1.7 V per "cell," with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers), and required a large heat sink (often an extension of the diode's metal substrate), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require

PIN diodes
A PIN diode has a central un-doped, or intrinsic, layer, forming a p-type / intrinsic / n-type structure. They are used as radio frequency switches, similar to varactor diodes but with a more sudden change in capacitance. They are also used as large volume ionizing radiation detectors and as photodetectors. PIN diodes are also used in power electronics, as their central layer can withstand high voltages. Furthermore, the PIN structure can be found in many power semiconductor devices, such as IGBTs, power MOSFETs, and thyristors.

Varicap or varactor diodes
These are used as voltage-controlled capacitors. These are important in PLL (phase-locked loop) and FLL (frequency-locked loop) circuits, allowing tuning circuits, such as those in television receivers, to lock quickly, replacing older designs that took a long time to warm up and lock. A PLL is faster than a FLL, but prone to integer harmonic locking (if one attempts to lock to a broadband signal). They also enabled tunable oscillators in early discrete tuning of radios, where a cheap and stable, but fixed-frequency, crystal oscillator provided the reference frequency for a voltage-controlled oscillator.

Zener diodes
(pronounced /ziːnər/) Diodes that can be made to conduct backwards. This effect, called Zener breakdown, occurs at a precisely defined voltage, allowing the diode to be used as a precision voltage reference. In practical voltage reference circuits Zener and switching diodes are connected in series and opposite directions to balance the temperature coefficient to near zero. Some devices labeled as high-voltage Zener diodes are actually avalanche diodes (see below). Two (equivalent) Zeners in series and in reverse order, in the same package, constitute a transient absorber (or Transorb, a registered trademark). They are named for Dr. Clarence Melvin Zener of Southern Illinois University, inventor of the device.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
LEDs)
In a diode formed from a direct band-gap semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide, carriers that cross the junction emit photons when they recombine with the majority carrier on the other side. Depending on the material, wavelengths (or colors) from the infrared to the near ultraviolet may be produced. The forward potential of these diodes depends on the wavelength of the emitted photons: 1.2 V corresponds to red, 2.4 to violet. The first LEDs were red and yellow, and higher-frequency diodes have been developed over time. All LEDs are monochromatic; 'white' LEDs are actually combinations of three LEDs of a different color, or a blue LED with a yellow scintillator coating. LEDs can also be used as low-efficiency photodiodes in signal applications. An LED may be paired with a photodiode or phototransistor in the same package, to form an opto-isolator.

CAPACITOR

A capacitor is an electrical device that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of closely-spaced conductors (called 'plates'). When voltage is applied to the capacitor, electric charges of equal magnitude, but opposite polarity, build up on each plate.

Capacitors are used in electrical circuits as energy-storage devices. They can also be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-frequency signals and this makes them useful in electronic filters.

The capacitor's capacitance (C) is a measure of the amount of charge (Q) stored on each plate for a given potential difference or voltage (V) which appears between the plates:

C = {Q \over V}

Stored energy

As opposite charges accumulate on the plates of a capacitor due to the separation of charge, a voltage develops across the capacitor owing to the electric field of these charges. Ever-increasing work must be done against this ever-increasing electric field as more charge is separated. The energy (measured in joules, in SI) stored in a capacitor is equal to the amount of work required to establish the voltage across the capacitor, and therefore the electric field. The energy stored is given by:

OHMS LAW

Ohm's law states that, in an electrical circuit, the current passing through a conductor, from one terminal point on the conductor to another terminal point on the conductor, is directly proportional to the potential difference (i.e. voltage drop or voltage) across the two terminal points and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor between the two terminal points.

For real devices (resistors, in particular), this law is usually valid over a large range of values of current and voltage, but exceeding certain limitations may result in losing simple direct proportionality (e.g. temperature effects, see below).

TRANSISTORS

A transistor is a semiconductor device that uses a small amount of voltage or electrical current to control a larger change in voltage or current. The transistor is the fundamental building block of the circuitry that governs the operation of computers, cellular phones, and all other modern electronics. its is also use to amplify such current and also use in switching.

Types

Bipolar junction transistor

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the first type of transistor to be mass-produced. Bipolar transistors are so named because they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers.

Field-effect transistor

The field-effect transistor (FET), sometimes called a unipolar transistor, uses either electrons (N-channel FET) or holes (P-channel FET) for conduction.

wenk ung iba nakalimutan ko na he he anyway eto po ang symbol nya